摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼中厚板缺陷原因及預(yù)防措施</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不鏽鋼中厚板是指厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4~25.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的鋼板。厚度</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">25.0~100.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的稱為厚板，厚度超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">100.0mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的為特厚板。廣泛用來製作各種容器、爐殼、爐板、橋梁及汽車靜鋼鋼板、低合金鋼鋼板、橋梁用鋼板、造般鋼板、鍋爐鋼板、壓力容器鋼板、花紋鋼板、汽車大梁鋼板，拖拉機(jī)某些零件及焊接構(gòu)件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼板缺陷</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼中厚板在使用過程中要注意缺陷的產(chǎn)生，鋼板表麵的小縱裂、峰狀裂紋、邊線裂紋、夾雜、結(jié)疤會(huì)影響表麵質(zhì)量，造成改判，使得產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼板缺陷的形態(tài)表現(xiàn)</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、小縱裂，鋼板表麵小縱裂形態(tài)為長(zhǎng)度小於</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、寬度小於</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、深度小於</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.3mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、峰狀裂紋，該裂紋全部發(fā)生在鋼板下表的距邊部</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5-60mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">處，宏觀方向與軋製方向垂直，呈“山峰”狀。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、邊線裂紋，該裂紋主要發(fā)生在鋼板距邊部</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20-80mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">處，形態(tài)為多條大小不一的並行縱向裂紋，其規(guī)律是鋼板規(guī)格越厚、越寬，此類缺陷越嚴(yán)重。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、夾雜、結(jié)疤，夾雜、結(jié)疤呈規(guī)律性分布，經(jīng)過邊部火焰扒皮裂紋檢查或鑄坯劃痕火焰清理等精整操作後的現(xiàn)象明顯。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼板產(chǎn)生缺陷的原因</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">小縱裂是細(xì)小雜質(zhì)混入結(jié)晶器形成；</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">峰狀裂紋產(chǎn)生的原因主要是鑄坯外弧皮下角橫裂所致；</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">邊線裂紋是在軋製過程中因鑄坯棱角向表麵的側(cè)翻所致；</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">夾雜、結(jié)疤是精整時(shí)表麵氧化渣未清理乾淨(jìng)所致。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼板防止缺陷產(chǎn)生的措施</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、定期對(duì)結(jié)晶器檢查，特彆是水樣，查看是否有小雜質(zhì)混入，引起水質(zhì)變化。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、嚴(yán)格控製設(shè)備超齡服役，確保扇形段維護(hù)的及時(shí)型，避免因發(fā)生扇形段局部輥?zhàn)硬晦D(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)致鑄坯深度劃痕。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、實(shí)施彎曲段配水分區(qū)控製，動(dòng)態(tài)控製不同寬度端麵鑄坯的角部溫度，避免鑄坯在彎曲過程中角部溫度進(jìn)入脆性區(qū)。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、儘可能用寬端麵鑄坯生產(chǎn)大寬度鋼板，減少鋼板軋製時(shí)的展寬量，從而減輕寬鋼板軋製時(shí)的邊部不均勻變形程度，弱化鋼板出現(xiàn)邊線裂紋的寬向程度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、提高鑄坯在加熱爐內(nèi)加入溫度的均勻性，優(yōu)化板坯加熱工藝，減少鑄坯上下麵溫差，降低軋件上下麵變形抗力差彆，從而縮小軋件邊部的不均勻變形。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、提高鑄坯精整能力，避免出現(xiàn)鑄坯精整後的氧化渣清理不徹底、局部深度燒痕等二次缺陷的發(fā)生。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>